The right Frontal Inf Orb 2 (Right) region in the AAL2 atlas corresponds to a subdivision of the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, located on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe overlying the orbital plate of the frontal bone. This area is part of the prefrontal cortex and is implicated in higher-order cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, decision-making, social cognition, and evaluation of reward and emotional stimuli, owing to its strong connectivity with limbic structures and other prefrontal regions. Neurally, it contains association cortex involved in integrating multimodal information and modulating behavior based on context and expected outcomes, functioning within large-scale networks that support executive functions and affective regulation. There is no direct link; a related structure is the Inferior frontal gyrus.
The right inferior frontal gyrus (pars orbitalis; “Frontal Inf Orb R”) in AAL2, while not typically isolated as “Frontal Inf Orb 2” in GWAS, is consistently implicated in imaging–genetics studies and large consortia such as ENIGMA and UK Biobank, which link its structure and function to common variants in genes regulating cortical development, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission (for example, BDNF, NRGN, and GRIN2B), as well as polygenic scores for cognition and psychiatric risk. Variants in genes such as CACNA1C, ZNF804A, and DRD2, and genome-wide–significant loci for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, show associations with altered right inferior frontal volume, thickness, or activation during response inhibition and emotion regulation tasks. Imaging–genetics work also connects right inferior frontal measures with ADHD risk loci (e.g., in or near SLC6A3 and SNAP25), autism spectrum disorder polygenic load, and impulse-control and substance-use GWAS hits, suggesting a genetic contribution to inhibitory control and reward-related processing in this region. Moreover, multi-trait GWAS and Mendelian randomization studies link genetic variants associated with educational attainment, general cognitive ability, and risk-taking behavior to structural variation in the right inferior frontal/pars orbitalis region, underscoring its role as a genetically influenced hub for executive function, decision-making, and affective control.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 2322
Hemisphere: right
Atlas: AAL2
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Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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