GM Insula Id1 L

Overview

The bilateral GM Insula Id1 L region in the Juelich maxprob thr25 1mm Atlas corresponds to the dorsal anterior insular cortex on the left hemisphere, a granular or dysgranular insular subdivision implicated in multimodal integration and higher-order cognitive, affective, and interoceptive processing. This area receives convergent input from sensory, limbic, and association cortices and contributes to functions such as salience detection, autonomic regulation, and the coordination of visceral and emotional states with cognitive control. Cytoarchitectonically, it forms part of the broader insular cortex, which transitions from agranular anterior to granular posterior zones and maintains extensive connectivity with prefrontal, cingulate, somatosensory, and subcortical structures, supporting roles in pain perception, awareness of internal bodily states, and integration of emotional and cognitive signals. There is no direct link for “Insula Id1”; a closely related structure is the Insular cortex.

The bilateral GM Insula Id1 L region in the Juelich maxprob thr25 1mm atlas lies within the anterior/mid insular cortex, a region consistently implicated in large-scale imaging–genetics studies rather than in single, region-specific gene discoveries. Population neuroimaging GWAS consortia (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank–based studies) have shown that insular cortical thickness and surface area exhibit significant SNP-based heritability and are associated with common variants in genes involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic function, and cortical patterning, including loci near MIR137, TCF4, and other schizophrenia- and neurodevelopment-related genes, as well as genes influencing general brain morphometry such as HMGA2 and IGF1. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder show robust associations with structural and functional alterations of the insula, including regions overlapping Id1 L, consistent with the insula’s role in salience processing and interoception; these alterations often parallel disease-related effects, such as reduced insular volume or thickness in schizophrenia and major depression. GWAS of substance use, risk-taking, and anxiety-related traits have also linked insula morphology and connectivity to genetic variants regulating dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and stress-response pathways. However, no major study has identified a genetic variant uniquely and specifically associated with the Id1 L subregion; instead, genetic associations generally involve broader insular or fronto-insular measures, with Id1 L contributing to these polygenic, distributed effects rather than acting as a genetically isolated hotspot.

Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).

Region ID: 116
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Juelich maxprob thr25 1mm

GM Insula Id1 L – Black Background (Full Brain)

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GM Insula Id1 L – White Background (Full Brain)

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Triplanar View – T1 Background

Triplanar View – Ghost Brain