The bilateral Left Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Medial Frontal Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 10 corresponds to the frontopolar cortex (BA10), a highly developed prefrontal region located at the most anterior part of the frontal lobe along the medial surface, just anterior to the superior frontal gyrus. This area is implicated in high-level executive functions, including prospective memory, multitasking, complex decision-making, and the integration of internal goals with external stimuli, and is considered important for abstract reasoning, social cognition, and the regulation of attention between concurrent tasks. Cytoarchitectonically, BA10 is characterized by a granular prefrontal cortex with distinct laminar organization and extensive connectivity to other prefrontal, limbic, and association cortices, as well as subcortical structures. A related article can be found at Brodmann area 10.
The medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 10) has been implicated in genetic studies of higher-order cognition, affective regulation, and psychiatric vulnerability, with structural and functional measures of this region repeatedly emerging in GWAS of brain imaging phenotypes and related traits. Large-scale neuroimaging genetics consortia (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank analyses) have identified common variants influencing frontal cortical thickness and surface area—particularly in medial and anterior frontal regions—near genes involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic function, and transcriptional regulation, such as HMGA2, MIR137, KIAA0586, and several loci in WNT and FGF signaling pathways; these frontal morphology variants sometimes overlap with loci associated with general cognitive ability and educational attainment. BA10 activity and structure have also been indirectly linked through GWAS and imaging–genetics studies to risk alleles for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD, with polygenic risk scores for these conditions correlating with altered medial frontal gray matter or connectivity patterns, though associations are typically distributed across the cortex and not specific to BA10 alone. Further, variants in serotonin and dopamine-related genes (e.g., SLC6A4, COMT, DRD2/DRD4) have been repeatedly associated with medial/anterior prefrontal activation differences in tasks involving decision-making, social cognition, and emotional processing, suggesting a genetically influenced role for BA10 in value-based choice, introspection, and mood regulation. Overall, genetic influences on this region appear highly polygenic and shared across cognitive and psychiatric phenotypes, with BA10 serving as a convergent node where diverse risk and resilience variants manifest in subtle differences in frontal structure and function rather than via region-specific single-gene effects.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 406
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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