The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Orbital Gyrus corresponds to portions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) located on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe, overlying the orbital plate of the frontal bone. This region is part of the prefrontal cortex and is heavily interconnected with limbic, sensory, and autonomic systems, receiving multimodal input from sensory association areas and projecting to subcortical structures such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia. Functionally, the orbital gyri are implicated in reward valuation, decision-making under uncertainty, evaluation of emotional and social cues, and modulation of affect and behavior based on changing reinforcement contingencies. Damage or dysfunction in this area has been associated with impairments in judgment, impulsivity, altered reward processing, and certain psychiatric conditions, including mood and obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders. There is no direct Wikipedia article for this specific Talairach label; see the related structure Orbitofrontal cortex.
The bilateral right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), corresponding to the Right Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Orbital Gyrus in the Talairach 1 mm atlas, has been implicated in diverse genetic and GWAS findings, largely through imaging-genetics and disorder-based studies rather than atlas-specific work. Common variants in genes regulating synaptic function, neurotransmission, and neurodevelopment—such as COMT, BDNF (e.g., Val66Met), 5-HTTLPR/SLC6A4, DRD2/DRD4, and DISC1—have been associated with structural and functional differences in OFC volume, cortical thickness, connectivity, and activation, particularly in reward, decision-making, and emotion-regulation paradigms. GWAS of brain morphology (e.g., ENIGMA and UK Biobank) have identified polygenic influences on orbital frontal thickness and surface area, linking loci involved in neuronal proliferation and cortical patterning (including variants near genes like CASS4, IGF1-related pathways, and several intergenic regulatory regions) to OFC anatomy. OFC-related measures are also consistently implicated in GWAS and candidate gene studies of psychiatric and behavioral traits—major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, substance use disorders, impulsivity, and neuroticism—where risk alleles in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic genes often show associations with orbitofrontal structure or activation during reward and punishment tasks. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for depression, schizophrenia, and addiction have been correlated with altered OFC volume and connectivity, supporting a role for this region as a key neuroanatomical mediator of genetically influenced vulnerability to mood, psychotic, and addictive disorders.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 110
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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