The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Occipital Lobe.Middle Temporal Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 19 corresponds to higher-order visual association cortex located at the junction of the occipital lobe and posterior temporal regions, implicated in complex processing and integration of visual information beyond primary perception. Brodmann area 19 receives inputs from primary (BA17) and secondary (BA18) visual areas and participates in functions such as object recognition, visual feature integration, and aspects of visual memory, contributing to the interpretation of shape, motion, and spatial relationships. In the Talairach 1 mm Atlas, this label reflects gray matter in a multimodal association zone where visual information interfaces with temporal lobe systems involved in semantic processing and memory, supporting visually guided cognition and behavior. There is no direct Wikipedia article for this exact composite region; see the related area Brodmann area 19.
The bilateral right occipital-temporal cortex corresponding to Middle Temporal Gyrus gray matter in Brodmann area 19 (per Talairach 1 mm atlas) lies within the broader occipital/occipitotemporal visual association network, and genetic associations are typically reported at this network or parcel level rather than for this exact label; nonetheless, several GWAS and imaging-genetics studies implicate nearby or overlapping regions in traits involving visual perception, higher-order visual processing, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Large-scale brain MRI GWAS (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) have identified common variants in genes related to neurodevelopment, axon guidance, and synaptic function (such as those affecting MAPT, KIAA0586, and multiple 3p, 6q, 17q loci) that modulate occipital and occipitotemporal cortical thickness and surface area, including BA18/19 territories, and these structural metrics are partly heritable (heritability ≈30–60%) with polygenic contributions overlapping those for general cognitive ability and educational attainment. Functional imaging-genetics work links polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and major depression to altered activation and connectivity in dorsal and ventral visual streams, including BA19-adjacent middle temporal and occipitotemporal regions during face, motion, and language/reading tasks; genes such as CACNA1C, ZNF804A, and NRXN1 have been associated with atypical occipitotemporal activation or connectivity in these disorders. Additional GWAS of visual and reading traits (e.g., dyslexia and related endophenotypes) implicate genes involved in cortical patterning and visual word processing (including DCDC2, KIAA0319, and ROBO1), whose effects on structure and function often localize to occipitotemporal association cortex encompassing BA19 and the adjacent visual word form and motion-sensitive regions. Collectively, current evidence supports a polygenic architecture in which variants influencing neurodevelopmental signaling, synaptic plasticity, and cortical arealization contribute to interindividual differences and disorder vulnerability in this BA19 occipital-temporal region, rather than a small set of region-specific genes.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 700
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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