The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Occipital Lobe.Superior Occipital Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 19 corresponds to higher-order visual association cortex situated in the dorsal portion of the occipital lobe, extending anteriorly from primary and secondary visual areas (BA17–18) toward parietal regions. This cortex integrates complex visual information, including form, motion, and spatial relationships, and contributes to visuospatial processing, object recognition, and the coordination of visual input with eye and head movements. Neuronal populations here receive convergent input from earlier visual areas and project to parietal and temporal association cortices, participating in dorsal “where/how” visual pathways that support visually guided actions and spatial attention. There is no direct link for this exact labeled combination; a closely related structure is Brodmann area 19.
The bilateral right superior occipital gyrus (Brodmann area 19) in the occipital lobe, a higher-order visual association region, has been implicated in multiple genetic and GWAS-based associations, largely through imaging-genetics and neuropsychiatric studies rather than single-gene findings. Structural and functional variation in BA19 has been linked to common variants in genes involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic organization, and myelination (for example, pathways including BDNF, NRG1/ERBB signaling, and cell-adhesion/axon-guidance genes such as those in the cadherin and semaphorin families) in large-scale MRI GWAS of cortical thickness and surface area, as well as in studies of visual cortex volume. BA19 shows altered gray matter in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and Alzheimer’s disease, with polygenic risk scores for these conditions correlating with structural differences in this region; schizophrenia and depression risk variants in particular have been associated with occipital and extrastriate cortical measures in UK Biobank and ENIGMA consortia analyses. Occipital association cortex, including BA19, also appears in GWAS of general cognitive ability, educational attainment, and visual perceptual traits, where polygenic scores predict differences in occipital cortical thickness and activation during visual tasks. Although no single locus is uniquely or specifically labeled as a “BA19 gene,” convergent genetic evidence indicates that common polygenic variation influencing neurodevelopment, visual processing networks, and psychiatric or neurodegenerative disease risk contributes to individual differences in the structure and function of the right superior occipital gyrus (BA19).
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 849
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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