The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Parietal Lobe.Sub-Gyral.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 40 corresponds primarily to the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule, a multimodal association cortex involved in integrating auditory, somatosensory, and visual information. This region plays a key role in language processing (particularly phonological and lexical aspects), reading and writing, spatial attention, and praxis, and contributes to the mapping of sensory input onto motor representations. Functionally, it participates in the dorsal language network and in higher-order body representation and tool use, with lateralization and connectivity patterns that link it to frontal language and motor areas, temporal auditory regions, and occipital visual cortex. There is no direct Wikipedia article for this exact Talairach label; a closely related and encompassing structure is the Supramarginal gyrus.
The bilateral right parietal sub-gyral gray matter in Brodmann area 40 (supramarginal/inferior parietal region) has been repeatedly implicated in genetic studies of cognitive, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental traits, although most findings come from imaging-genetics and GWAS of cortical measures rather than from Talairach-based localization specifically. Large-scale cortical thickness and surface area GWAS (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) have identified common variants near genes such as MAPT, WNT3, KIAA0586, and several loci in 3p, 6q, and 17q associated with inferior parietal or supramarginal gyrus morphology, which spatially overlaps BA40. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and autism spectrum disorder has been linked to structural and functional alterations in the inferior parietal lobule, including BA40, with genes related to synaptic function and neurodevelopment (e.g., CACNA1C, GRIN2A, and other glutamatergic and calcium-channel genes) contributing to these patterns. GWAS of cognitive ability, educational attainment, and reading/language-related traits show genetic correlations with parietal lobe structure and activation, consistent with BA40’s role in phonological processing, working memory, and numerical cognition; specific loci such as those near FOXP2, DCDC2, and KIAA0319 have been associated with language and dyslexia phenotypes involving inferior parietal activation. Additionally, risk alleles in APOE and other Alzheimer’s disease genes (e.g., CLU, PICALM) have been associated with atrophy and hypometabolism in parietal association cortex including BA40, while variants in genes linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and neglect-like symptoms show associations with altered right parietal structure and connectivity. Overall, genetic associations for this region converge on pathways involving synaptic plasticity, axon guidance, and cortical development that influence susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, dementia, language and reading disorders, and individual differences in cognitive performance.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 1000
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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