The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Sub-lobar.Lentiform Nucleus.Gray Matter.Putamen corresponds to the putaminal component of the lentiform nucleus within the subcortical gray matter of the right cerebral hemisphere, as defined in the Talairach labels 1 mm atlas. The putamen is a major input nucleus of the basal ganglia, receiving dense glutamatergic projections from widespread cortical areas—particularly motor, premotor, and somatosensory cortices—and dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra pars compacta. It is primarily composed of medium spiny GABAergic neurons that project to other basal ganglia structures (e.g., globus pallidus), forming critical elements of the direct and indirect pathways that modulate thalamocortical activity and influence voluntary motor control, habit formation, and aspects of procedural learning. Functionally, the putamen plays a key role in the selection and scaling of motor programs, and its dysfunction is implicated in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Putamen
The bilateral putamen (lentiform nucleus gray matter) shows robust genetic associations with both structural and functional variation, with twin and SNP-based heritability estimates often exceeding 40–60%. Large-scale GWAS of subcortical volumes (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) have identified multiple loci influencing putaminal volume, including variants in and near genes such as GMNC, MAST4, PTCH1, KTN1, and BCL2L1, as well as dopamine- and synapse-related genes. Polygenic risk for Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with altered putamen volume or activity, and GWAS for these disorders repeatedly implicate pathways relevant to striatal function (dopaminergic signaling, synaptic plasticity, and glutamatergic transmission). Putaminal structure and function show genetic correlations with motor coordination, habit learning, reward processing, and substance use traits, and specific loci linked to putamen volume overlap with those associated with Parkinson’s disease risk, cognitive performance, and intracranial volume. Moreover, imaging-genetics studies have tied common variants in genes such as DRD2, COMT, and BDNF to individual differences in putamen activation during reward, motor, and cognitive tasks, supporting a genetically mediated role of this region in neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 382
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 1mm
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Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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