The bilateral Left Cerebrum.Limbic Lobe.Anterior Cingulate corresponds to the anterior portion of the cingulate gyrus situated on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, arching above the corpus callosum within the limbic lobe. This region is heavily interconnected with prefrontal, premotor, limbic, and autonomic centers, and is implicated in functions including emotion processing, motivation, decision-making under conflict, pain perception and modulation, and regulation of autonomic responses. Cytoarchitectonically, it includes portions of Brodmann areas 24, 32, and 33, and serves as a key hub linking cognitive control networks with affective and visceral systems, thereby integrating internal emotional states with behavioral output. Anterior cingulate cortex
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the limbic lobe, corresponding to the bilateral Left Cerebrum.Limbic Lobe.Anterior Cingulate in the Talairach 2 mm atlas, has been repeatedly implicated in genetic studies of psychiatric, cognitive, and pain-related traits. GWAS and imaging-genetics studies link ACC structure and function to common variants in genes involved in synaptic plasticity, glutamatergic and serotonergic signaling, and neurodevelopment, including but not limited to CACNA1C, DRD2, GRIN2A, and BDNF, which have been associated with cortical thickness or activation in ACC during cognitive and emotional tasks. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety consistently correlate with ACC gray matter volume and connectivity, and ACC abnormalities have been observed in carriers of risk variants in loci such as ZNF804A, MIR137, and other large-effect psychiatric GWAS hits. ACC activation and morphology are also genetically linked to pain sensitivity, chronic pain syndromes, and placebo analgesia through variants influencing opioid and dopamine systems (e.g., OPRM1, COMT), as well as to traits such as neuroticism, harm avoidance, and cognitive control, where GWAS-based imaging studies show that risk alleles for these personality and cognitive traits modulate ACC activity in conflict monitoring and error processing tasks. Although no single variant is specific to this Talairach-defined region, convergent evidence from large consortia (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) indicates that the ACC is a key intermediate phenotype linking polygenic risk for mood and psychotic disorders, pain-related traits, and cognitive control to heritable differences in brain structure and function.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 372
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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