Bilateral Left Cerebrum Limbic Lobe Cingulate Gyrus Gray Matter Brodmann area 24 corresponds to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a medial frontal-limbic region situated dorsal to the corpus callosum, primarily involved in emotion, motivation, and aspects of cognitive control. Cytoarchitectonically defined by agranular cortex with distinctive pyramidal cell organization, BA24 integrates inputs from prefrontal, limbic, and thalamic structures and projects broadly to autonomic and motor systems, supporting functions such as conflict monitoring, error detection, affective processing, and regulation of autonomic responses including heart rate and blood pressure. This region plays a key role in adaptive behavior, pain affect, and the integration of emotional and cognitive information, and is frequently implicated in mood disorders, anxiety, and disorders of attention and executive function. Anterior cingulate cortex
The bilateral Brodmann area 24 in the cingulate gyrus, part of the limbic lobe, has been implicated in multiple genetic and GWAS findings through its roles in emotion regulation, cognitive control, and pain processing. Variants in genes related to glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling (e.g., GRM, GAD1), monoaminergic systems (COMT, SLC6A4, DRD2), and synaptic plasticity (BDNF) have been associated with structural and functional measures of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) including BA24 gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and activation during conflict monitoring and emotional tasks. Large imaging–genetics consortia such as ENIGMA have identified polygenic influences on ACC morphology and connectivity, with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and anxiety disorders showing consistent ACC alterations linked to common risk variants (e.g., in CACNA1C, ZNF804A, NRG1, and genome-wide polygenic risk scores for these conditions). GWAS of pain sensitivity, chronic pain, and migraine have highlighted BA24 as a key hub where risk alleles in inflammatory and neuroimmune pathways (e.g., CRP-related loci, HLA region, and cytokine genes) modulate cingulate structure and reactivity. Additionally, GWAS of cognitive traits, executive function, and educational attainment have identified polygenic influences on ACC-based networks, while addiction-related studies (alcohol, nicotine, and other substances) report ACC/BA24 involvement associated with variants in dopaminergic and opioid system genes. Overall, BA24 emerges as a convergent locus where many psychiatric, pain, and cognitive trait risk alleles exert effects on limbic–cognitive integration, although most associations are polygenic and distributed rather than specific to this Talairach-defined subregion.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 941
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
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Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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