The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Precentral Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 44 region, as defined in the Talairach labels 2mm Atlas, corresponds to a portion of the inferior frontal cortex typically associated with language-related and motor-planning functions. Brodmann area 44 lies anterior to primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe and is a key component of the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus, forming a major subdivision of the classical Broca’s area in the dominant hemisphere. Functionally, this region participates in speech production, articulation planning, and aspects of syntactic processing, while also contributing to complex motor sequencing and higher-order cognitive control. There is no direct link for this exact Talairach composite label; a related and encompassing structure is Brodmann area 44.
The bilateral right Precentral Gyrus (gray matter, Brodmann area 44) in the frontal lobe—corresponding largely to inferior frontal and premotor territory implicated in speech production, motor planning, and executive control—has been repeatedly linked to genetic variation through imaging genetics and GWAS of brain structure and language-related traits. Large-scale cortical morphology GWAS (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) have identified loci near genes such as MEF2C, TBR1, KIAA0586, and various synaptic and neurodevelopmental genes that influence cortical thickness and surface area in inferior frontal and precentral regions, which include or border BA44. FOXP2 and CNTNAP2, classic language-related genes, have been associated with activation and structural variation in inferior frontal regions encompassing BA44 during speech and linguistic tasks, while GWAS of stuttering, developmental language disorder, and reading ability/dyslexia highlight broader polygenic influences on frontal speech-motor and phonological networks that rely on BA44. In psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder show convergent genetic effects on frontal cortical development and connectivity, with risk loci in synaptic, calcium-channel, and transcriptional regulation pathways linked to altered morphology or functional activation in right inferior frontal and precentral gyri, including BA44. GWAS of cognitive performance, educational attainment, and response inhibition have further implicated polygenic architectures affecting frontal executive and motor-control circuits, with BA44 often appearing in intermediate phenotypes (e.g., task fMRI activation, structural endophenotypes) that bridge these genetic variants to behavior and clinical phenotypes.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 689
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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