Bilateral Right Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Precentral Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 9 refers to a dorsolateral frontal cortical region extending anteriorly from the precentral gyrus within the frontal lobe, characterized cytoarchitectonically as part of Brodmann area 9. Although Brodmann area 9 is classically associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rather than primary motor cortex, Talairach-based labeling in this case reflects its anatomical overlap near premotor and precentral territories on the right hemisphere. Functionally, this region participates in higher-order executive processes, including working memory, attentional control, planning, and aspects of cognitive flexibility, while also modulating motor preparation and goal-directed actions through its proximity to motor regions. It forms part of frontoparietal control networks, receiving multimodal inputs and projecting to both cortical and subcortical structures involved in behavior regulation and decision-making. There is no direct link for this exact Talairach label; a closely related area is Brodmann area 9.
The bilateral right precentral gyrus gray matter region corresponding to Brodmann area 9 in frontal cortex (as defined in the Talairach 2 mm atlas) participates in higher-order motor planning, executive control, and working memory, and genetic associations involving this area largely come from imaging genetics and GWAS of cortical structure and function rather than region-specific studies of Talairach labels. Large-scale GWAS of cortical thickness and surface area (e.g., ENIGMA and UK Biobank cohorts) have identified multiple loci—often near genes involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic function such as MAPT, PTPRD, CNTNAP2, CADM2, and others—that influence frontal cortical morphology, including precentral and adjacent dorsolateral prefrontal regions overlapping BA9. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder have been associated with structural and functional alterations in frontal regions incorporating BA9, and specific risk variants (for example in CACNA1C, DRD2, and GRM3) show convergent effects on prefrontal activation and connectivity, sometimes including medial and lateral BA9, during cognitive control and working memory tasks. GWAS of traits such as general cognitive ability, educational attainment, and response inhibition implicate genetic pathways influencing frontal executive networks, with imaging-genetics analyses demonstrating that alleles conferring higher cognitive performance are associated with increased cortical thickness or more efficient activation in frontal association cortex overlapping BA9. Additionally, genetic variants affecting neurodevelopmental patterning (e.g., in WNT and FGF signaling genes) and myelination have been linked to individual differences in motor-related frontal regions including the precentral gyrus, though findings seldom isolate BA9 specifically. Overall, genetic studies support a polygenic architecture in which numerous neurodevelopmental and synaptic genes shape the structure and function of frontal BA9-related territories, contributing to risk and resilience for psychiatric disorders and to variability in cognitive and motor control traits.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 901
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
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Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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