Bilateral Right Cerebrum.Frontal Lobe.Subcallosal Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 25 corresponds to a ventromedial prefrontal cortical region located beneath the genu of the corpus callosum, forming part of the subgenual cingulate cortex. Cytoarchitectonically, Brodmann area 25 is characterized by granular prefrontal cortex with dense reciprocal connections to limbic and paralimbic structures, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and brainstem autonomic nuclei, as well as extensive coupling to other prefrontal and cingulate areas. Functionally, this region plays a critical role in affect regulation, visceral-autonomic control, and mood-related processing; it is notably implicated in major depressive disorder and serves as a target for deep brain stimulation and other neuromodulatory interventions in treatment-resistant depression. There is no direct Wikipedia article for this exact Talairach label; a closely related structure is the Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.
The Right Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Subcallosal Gyrus Gray Matter Brodmann area 25 (BA25), a key node of the ventromedial prefrontal/cingulo-limbic network, has been repeatedly implicated in genetic studies of mood and stress-related psychopathology. GWAS and imaging‑genetics work show that common variants influencing major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and neuroticism often converge on circuits that prominently include BA25, particularly through genes regulating synaptic plasticity, glutamatergic signaling, and stress response (for example, CACNA1C, SLC6A4, BDNF, and HPA‑axis–related loci), which modulate subcallosal/ventromedial prefrontal structure and function. Several large consortia (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank‑based studies) have linked polygenic risk for depression and related traits to reduced cortical thickness or altered functional connectivity in subgenual/BA25 regions, and to abnormal coupling with the amygdala and anterior cingulate. Variants near genes involved in inflammatory and immune signaling (such as IL6-related pathways) and circadian regulation have also been associated with BA25‑connected affective circuits in depression and suicidality. Although GWAS typically report gene–trait rather than region‑specific hits, convergent evidence from structural and functional MRI, polygenic risk scores, and candidate gene studies supports BA25 as a genetically modulated hub in mood regulation, treatment response (including to SSRIs and deep brain stimulation), and vulnerability to affective disorders.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 282
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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