The bilateral Right Cerebrum.Temporal Lobe.Middle Temporal Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 19, as defined in the Talairach 2 mm Atlas, corresponds to a posterior temporal cortical territory that functionally overlaps with parts of the visual association cortex traditionally assigned to the occipital lobe. Although Brodmann area 19 is classically described in the occipital cortex, its extension into the middle temporal gyrus reflects the complex, multimodal organization of higher-order visual processing streams, including integration of motion, form, and object-related information with auditory and semantic inputs. This region participates in the ventral and dorsal visual pathways, contributing to visual recognition, visuospatial analysis, and the linkage of visual stimuli to memory and language-related representations. There is no direct Wikipedia article for this exact Talairach label; a closely related structure is Brodmann area 19.
Genetic associations specifically targeting the bilateral Right Cerebrum.Temporal Lobe.Middle Temporal Gyrus.Gray Matter.Brodmann area 19 (as defined in the Talairach 2 mm atlas) are limited, but this region falls within the lateral occipito‑temporal and posterior temporal cortex implicated in visual processing, language, and higher-order integration, and has been repeatedly implicated in imaging‑genetics and GWAS studies of brain structure and function. Large-scale neuroimaging GWAS (e.g., ENIGMA, UK Biobank) have identified common variants near genes involved in synaptic development and cortical morphogenesis (such as BDNF, CADM2, HMGA2, and multiple loci mapped by cortical thickness/surface‑area GWAS) that influence temporal and occipital cortical thickness and gray‑matter volume, including parcels overlapping Brodmann areas 19/37 and middle temporal regions. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder shows associations with altered temporal/occipital cortical morphology and connectivity, including middle temporal and BA19-adjacent regions, and risk loci from these GWAS (for example, in CACNA1C, GRIN2A, and complement pathway genes) have been linked to structural and functional changes in visual and language-related temporal cortex. Autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia GWAS and candidate-gene studies (involving genes such as CNTNAP2, DCDC2, KIAA0319, FOXP2) also report altered activation or structure in posterior temporal and temporo‑occipital areas supporting language and reading networks that overlap or neighbor BA19-defined parcels. In addition, GWAS of cognitive traits (general cognitive ability, educational attainment, and reading ability) and brain functional connectivity have highlighted loci influencing temporo‑occipital networks that include BA19, suggesting that genetic variation in neurodevelopmental and synaptic pathways contributes to individual differences in the anatomy and function of this visual‑association/middle temporal region and to susceptibility for neuropsychiatric and cognitive phenotypes that engage it.
Overview generated by GPT-4o (2026).
Region ID: 819
Hemisphere: bilateral
Atlas: Talairach labels 2mm
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Full Quality Version: Download MP4
Wali Sidiqyar*, Gaurav Rudravaram*, Elyssa M. McMaster, Trent M. Schwartz, Adam M. Saunders, Kurt G. Schilling, Bennett A. Landman "Introducing SPINS: A Shared Public Visualization Library of Neuroanatomical Structures." Medical Imaging with Deep Learning- short paper
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